The concept used here is related to Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, where he states that a person can only reach his need for self-actualization and transcendence if she or he has managed to fulfill his lower needs first, which ranges from physiological needs to self-esteem needs.
Thus, the answers to the question above are:
- Need: the difference between a desired state and an actual state
- Motive: the satisfaction of some need
