A dotted line means it the inequality doesn’t include that line. A solid line indicates that it does.
So for #11, it’s a dotted line with all the y-values below 3, so the inequality is y < 3. (Notice it does not include the line y = 3, or else we would do y ≤ 3.)
For #12, it’s a solid line with all the x values equal to or less than 3. So the inequality is x ≤ 3.
