I have a total of 11 pencils = total outcome a- since we have 6 Red, P(Red)=6/11 b- P(Black) = 3/11 c- P(Green) = 1/11 For the dice: Total outcome 6 so : P(3) =1/6 P(1) =1/6 P(less than5) means P( of 1 OR 2 OR 3 Or 4) Since we have "OR" it means we can add the P(probabilities)====> P( of 1 OR 2 OR 3 Or 4)=1/6+1/6+1/6+1/6= = 4/6 = 2/3